Thyroid Disease

The thyroid, which is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the lower part of the neck, produces hormones that help regulate the metabolism. The pituitary gland, which is located below the brain in the center of the skull, helps monitor and control the amount of hormones that are produced by constantly adjusting the amount of TSH that stimulates the production in the gland of T4 and T3 hormones.

About 20 million Americans experience hypo- or hyperthyroidism, which means they produce either too much or too little hormone, and their bodies use energy more quickly or more slowly than they should. Women are five times more likely to experience thyroid disease than men are. The condition can often be caused by or associated with Graves’ disease, toxic adenomas, tumors or malfunctions in the endocrine system, Hashimoto’s disease, surgery and exposure to excessive amounts of iodide or lithium.

Signs of hypothyroidism include fatigue, a lack of energy, weight gain, forgetfulness, intolerance to cold or temperature extremes, hoarseness, heavy menstrual periods and dry skin or hair. Signs of hyperthyroidism can include enlargement or swelling in the neck, sensitivity to heat, weight loss, irritability, sleep disturbances, dry or irritable eyes and infrequent periods.

When this important organ malfunctions, it can cause symptoms similar to those of other disorders or diseases. However, your doctor can more easily diagnose you by screening your levels of TSH at your routine physical or check-up. The earlier the condition is caught the easier it can be treated and the less likely you are to suffer serious symptoms or complications.

The goal of treatment is usually to restore healthy hormone levels. Your doctor may prescribe synthetic hormones or medications designed to block hormone production depending on your specific needs and the condition being treated. Hyper- and hypothyroidism are lifelong conditions that will require regular medication and monitoring. However, when these conditions are properly managed, you can expect to enjoy a full recovery and live an otherwise fulfilling and healthy life.